Lord Alderdice elected an Honorary Fellow at Pembroke

In March 2024, the Governing Body of Pembroke College elected Lord John Alderdice as an Honorary Fellow.

“I am delighted to have been elected an Honorary Fellow of Pembroke College, especially in this its 400th Anniversary year. I have very much enjoyed working at the College in recent years, especially with colleagues in the Changing Character of War Centre and the Quill Project and I look forward to a long association with this wonderful and historic academic community.”

Lord Alderdice

Book published by Rob Johnson : "NATO and the Russian War in Ukraine"

Dr Robert Johnson’s latest book is now available from Hurst. NATO and the Russian War in Ukraine Strategic Integration and Military Interoperability is edited by Robert Johnson and Janne Haaland Matlary.

The book includes a chapter by Rob Johnson on “Multidomain Integration and Multidomain Operations”

Publisher’s Synopsis
For three decades after the Cold War, NATO member states no longer faced a major threat, and focussed on out-of-area operations. They took the opportunity to reduce defence spending and foster their own national defence industries; interoperability was limited to air and maritime missions on a small scale. The 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea and war by proxy in eastern Donbass was a wake-up call, while China's creeping seizure and fortification of islands in the South China Sea, as well as its relentless acquisition of Western technologies, similarly alerted the Western leadership to a less benign strategic environment. But the real shift occurred in 2022. China and Russia not only announced their 'unlimited friendship', but made clear their intention to reduce American hegemony by breaking up the NATO alliance and its Pacific equivalents. This volume is the first account of the challenges and solutions for so-called strategic integration in this coercive global situation. The contributors show, thematically and through selected national case-studies, how strategic integration and interoperability are conceived, debated, problematised and resolved. The chapters are written with specific reference to the illegal Russian invasion of Ukraine, which has galvanised a new era of integration and alliance cooperation within NATO.

Reviews
‘A global geopolitical scene at once febrile, fragile and fraught with danger demands a work of profound strategic substance and significance: this publication is right on cue. This wonderfully crafted book bristles with resonating and incisive insights, and underscores the status of the editors as doyens of contemporary strategic commentary. I commend it unreservedly and with great enthusiasm.’ — David Ellery, Professor, Honorary Fellow and Trustee, Durham University

‘The Russo-Ukrainian War provided NATO with its most demanding test for decades. This thorough analysis of the alliance’s response shows how this test was passed, at least during the war’s first stage. But it also shows how the conflict led member states to reappraise established practice and explore how they could achieve deeper defence integration.’ — Sir Lawrence Freedman, Emeritus Professor of War Studies, King’s College London

‘A necessary and thought-provoking book that deserves a wide readership.’ — Sten Rynning, Professor of War Studies and Director, Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark

‘This excellent and authoritative volume exploring the galvanising effect of Russia’s brazen invasion of Ukraine on efforts to deepen NATO integration could not be more timely.’ — Mats Berdal, Professor of Security and Development, King’s College London

‘First-rate scholars and analysts highlight that increased defence integration and interoperability are key to NATO’s efforts to address the challenges created by the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the US’s continuing pivot to Asia.’ — Peter Viggo Jakobsen, Associate Professor, Royal Danish Defence College

Lord Alderdice joins the House of Lords Select Committee on International Relations and Defence

On 24th January 2024, the House of Lords agreed a motion appointing our Executive Chairman, Lord Alderdice, and some other peers to the House of Lords Select Committee on International Relations and Defence.  His appointment took effect from 31st January 2024 and is very relevant to the work that he has been doing here at The Changing Character of War Centre as well as his many other commitments on issues of violent political conflict.  

Speaking about his appointment, Lord Alderdice said, 

"I am honoured to have the opportunity to serve on this Committee, not only given my long-standing interest in the issues concerned, but also because its work is becoming increasingly important, with the ever more challenging geo-political environment and the mounting defence threats that HM Government and Parliament are having to address."

https://committees.parliament.uk/committee/360/international-relations-and-defence-committee/

British Grand Strategy in the Age of American Hegemony - Published by Dr Will James

Congratulations to Dr Will James whose first book, British Grand Strategy in the Age of American Hegemony, is published with Oxford University Press this week. The book can be ordered here (use the code ASFLYQ6 for a 30% discount).

Is the United Kingdom capable of grand strategy? Common wisdom suggests otherwise. Some think it implausible amid the maelstrom of domestic politics, while others believe the UK lacks the necessary autonomy, as a cog in the US-led order.

British Grand Strategy in the Age of American Hegemony challenges these claims. Grand strategy is the highest level of national security decision-making, encompassing judgements over a state's overarching objectives and interests, as well as its security environment and resource base. Getting these decisions 'right' is vital in moments of geopolitical flux.

Employing several historical case studies between 1940-2003 and marshalling a host of primary sources, the book demonstrates that British politicians and officials have thought in grand strategic terms under American hegemony - even if they do not realise or admit to this. The book also shows that the role of allies in shaping British grand strategy has been overstated. Finally, it highlights the conditions under which domestic political actors can influence grand strategic decision-making. Written for practitioners as well as scholars, the book concludes with several policy recommendations at this inflection point in British history.

Endorsements:

“Dr James has succeeded in producing a lucidly written and erudite study of the good, the bad, and the ugly in British grand strategy from 1940 to 2003. This absorbing book makes a major contribution to debates on the concept of grand strategy and busts some of the myths associated with this important period in recent British history. It will be essential reading for anyone interested in the UK's place in the world. On the evidence of this authoritative and insightful study, James has established himself as one of the brightest rising stars in strategic studies.”
- Professor John Bew, foreign policy adviser to the Prime Minister

“This is a truly brilliant and original analysis of Britain's grand strategy from the Second World War until the early 21st century, the era of American preponderance in the world. Examining three big decisions - the delaying of the 'Second Front' during the Second World War; the withdrawal from 'East of Suez' in the late 1960s with a refocus on Europe thereafter; and the commitment to join the US-led war in Iraq in 2003, it measures them by criteria of proportionality for the appraisal of success and failure.”
- Professor Beatrice Heuser, Professor of International Relations, University of Glasgow

“British Grand Strategy in the Age of American Hegemony makes an important contribution to the study of grand strategy. The book offers a clear definition of grand strategy and one coherent and measurable criterion for judging its quality...Through his systematic analysis of British grand strategy before, during, and after its decline from great power status, James enfeebles the long-held misconception that grand strategy is only for great powers, and thus opens a new, diverse, and exciting array of national cases for comparative study.”
- Professor Barry R. Posen, Ford International Professor of Political Science, Security Studies Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

“In a book full of insight, William James rehabilitates the concept of grand strategy as a valuable way to think about defence and foreign policy, demonstrates its value in challenging the idea that the UK has been wholly subservient to the US, and then uses it to reassess three key British decisions - on the second front during World War II, the withdrawal from East of Suez in the late 1960s, and joining the invasion of Iraq in 2003.”
- Professor (Emeritus) Sir Lawrence Freedman, author of Strategy: A History

“Will James convincingly challenges the notion that British governments don't 'do' grand strategy or strategy at all. They do - the issue is whether they do it well. Doing it better requires being properly appraised of geopolitical realities, informed by an understanding of history. The book's Conclusion offers some well-founded suggestions to Ministers and officials which are highly relevant to strategy-making in what the Government itself describes as 'a more contested and volatile world'.”
- Peter Watkins, former Director General Security Policy, Ministry of Defence

Will James: Learning how to secure a military competitive edge

Dr William James took part in a podcast with Professor Sir Lawrence Freedman on 'History rhymes: Learning how to secure a military competitive edge' for the Council on Geostrategy on 14 December 2023. Listen online or search “Defence Talks” on your podcast app. The panel explored what it means to have a military competitive edge, how such an edge has displayed itself in history and what we can learn from this.

Dr James was also a panellist on a webinar on 'The UK and the E3' for the UK in a Changing Europe think tank on 8 November 2023. Watch on Youtube

Ukrainian delegation to CCW

CCW was both delighted and honoured to host a delegation this month from the Central Research Institute of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, including its commandant, Professor Colonel Ruslan Hryshchuk DSC, and its chief of research, Colonel Oleksiy Nozdrachov. The discussion covered a range of topics from military innovation to the potential for collaborative research projects. 

Presentation on Civilizational Collapse by Lord Alderdice

Lord John Alderdice travelled to Sante Fe, New Mexico this month to present at the Santa Fe Institute Conference.

Lord Alderdice gave the following presentation on “Signs and models of civilizational collapse” to the 2023 Santa Fe Institute conference on Complexity and Civilization held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, 10th – 11th November 2023.

The fact that civilizations repeatedly come and go was brought home to me some years ago standing atop an old Crusader castle in the country we now call Lebanon.  As I looked down on a large archaeological dig, I could see layers of more than a dozen separate civilizations.  Some I recalled from history, others I knew nothing about, and yet their way of thinking and being-in-the-world had guided many generations before they disappeared.

As I was coming into my teens the apparent stability of the community in Northern Ireland where I lived began to unstitch and I was unpersuaded by much of the political analysis of the time.  I decided to study, analyse, and ultimately to apply some new understandings that I gleaned from a bio-psycho-social approach to psychiatry and to take that into the ‘large group psychology’ of practical politics.  Over a period of years, working with others, leading one of the political parties, and learning from that experience, we were able to build a peace process which resulted in the Belfast/Good Friday Agreement, and this year we celebrated the 25th anniversary of that Agreement.  It was successful in bringing the killing to an end and facilitating a process of peaceful transition to a new political dispensation which is still emerging.

When I applied the lessons learned in Ireland to analysing the wider global political context, I came to much less positive conclusions.  It seemed to me that we were heading into a third global conflict, and I became quite down about this prospect, not only because it would be grim, but because it could actually be terminal for all human civilization.

However, during 2017, when I was reflecting on the 500th anniversary of Martin Luther publishing his famous 95 Theses, a contributory event to the religious, political, and cultural revolution that we know as the Protestant Reformation, I began to view things a little differently.  I concluded that major paradigm shift probably only occurs in the context of existential threat where the existing perspectives collapse and a wholly new way of thinking can emerge.   While this did not relieve me of my concerns about a third global conflict, on the contrary, that still seems to me to be the direction of travel, it did lead me to the possibility that, if we did not destroy our civilization through nuclear war or climate catastrophe, we would likely be able to make a step change in our way of thinking, relating and governing ourselves.

It seemed to me that three important elements that contributed to the civilizational changes 500 years ago were as follows –

The invention of Gutenberg’s printing press in the 15th century made possible the large scale, inexpensive, distribution of ideas in the vernacular languages of each country.

By this new means people could communicate their profound disenchantment with the corruption of the religious and political elites across Europe and contribute to a rising tide of anger and revolution.

Through that process, the ideas of thinkers and scientists went beyond the political and religious elites who did not understand the new knowledge and what to do about it.  When these ideas were seized upon, the political eruption that resulted did not lead to peace and stability, in fact it resulted in the wars of religion, but enormous progress in almost every aspect of human endeavour was the ultimate consequence. 

Today we have also disruptive technologies which make the communication of challenging ideas even more rapid and widespread. We also have a pervasive disenchantment with the corruption of elites in every area of life, and a clear sense that our leaders do not really understand the significance of the new knowledge that is emerging and what to do about it. 

Five hundred years ago the ‘progressives’ knew what they wanted to do – they wanted to shift the seat of authority from princes and bishops to the society as a whole through democratization.  That proposition, which was clear, rational, and easily communicated, has been followed through across the world, but we it has not solved our problems as well as we might have imagined, and we seem to have reached the limits of what it can achieve.  Instead of leading to ‘the -end of history’, as Francis Fukuyama expected, it has revealed the limitations of the power of democracy, as well as of other kinds of power too, for example, that of military hardware and liberal democratic political organization. 

I do not think that we yet have an alternative agenda to address this dilemma, other than a kind of anarchism that calls for the current structures to be disregarded or pulled down, with the belief that something better will emerge.  Something better may emerge, but as John Gray says in his latest book, ‘The New Leviathans’, published earlier this year, the liberal, democratic international rules-based order and all that has gone with it, may prove to have been a brief interlude, followed by a return to authoritarian regimes maintaining themselves through the law of force, rather than the force of law.  As René Girard pointed out many years ago, the rapid loss of the boundaries of traditional law, religion, and culture – even where they may be viewed as relatively arbitrary – will result in a descent into mimetic violence of all against all, until some new boundaries are created.

My final comment for the moment comes from research work with colleagues on the different forms of individual and societal thinking when faced with the existential threat of societal collapse.  In relatively peaceful stable societies people generally adopt a form of thinking characterised by cost-benefit analysis, based on best socio-economic and power interests – what we might think of as rational actor functioning.  But a different form of thinking arises in threatening contexts, and it uses different parts of the brain.  This thinking operates on a different grammar and syntax of thinking that one might describe as rules-based – ‘right and wrong’ is an example.  When you say to a potential suicide bomber, “But this is a crime and you will be destroyed”, they respond, “You do not understand.  I am doing this for a great cause and to right a greater wrong. My life is not what is important.  It is the cause that is important.”  This cause is described by some of my colleagues as a ‘scared value’ not because it is religious – it may be religious, political, or cultural – but it is a transcendent value which is not susceptible to socio-economic metrics.

Comparative fMRI scans show that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus and parietal cortex are implicated in calculating costs and consequences – what one might call rational actor function – and this is seen in individuals in relatively stable contexts.  Increased activity is seen in the left temporoparietal junction and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, associated with semantic rule retrieval in what we might call devoted actors – those who are prepared to sacrifice themselves for their cause.  They are operating under rules of right and wrong as they see it, whatever the consequences.  These differences are therefore not just a matter of psychological choice; we can see that different parts of the brain are operating.

How could such a difference convey evolutionary advantage and be maintained when the well-being of the individual is not a primary driver?  There are many situations where the sacrifice of the individual is necessary for the survival of the group, and the more we think about and explore this notion, the more evidence we find of such forms of behaviour, particularly those that involve the fusion of individuals with their group, rather than enhancing individual difference.   This is a fundamental challenge to the trajectory of thinking, culture, and political development of recent times based, as it is supposed, on Enlightenment ideas.  It seems to me that as the interest, well-being and wishes of the individual are pushed beyond a certain point, there comes a major disjunction between those phenomena that serve the well-being of the individual and those that serve the successful functioning at of the large group.  A simple example is that it is increasingly difficult to enlist young people in the armed forces in Western societies, especially where there is a risk of engagement in war.  This is not because of a shortage of money but is a result of individuals not wanting to risk their personal well-being for the that of the group.   The change has been masked by a focus on advanced military technology, much of which does not require ‘boots on the ground’ but a combination of the massive costs of some of these weapon and defence systems is reaching a limit, and does not address the many other domestic tasks that the military can be called on to perform in the context, not of war, but of pandemic, natural disaster and civil unrest.  The interests of the individual are coming into ever greater conflict with the interests of society.  This may well be a key indicator that presages the end of the civilization based on the later interpretations of the Enlightenment as we have understood it and require a new perspective.

The reason that I am here at SFI because I have concluded that a bio-psycho-social approach to complexity may perhaps offer us such a new perspective.

"What is the British Army for?" by Will James

Dr Will James has written an article for Engelsberg Ideas

Recent debates over the British Army tend to fixate on equipment – from procurement headaches to its state of readiness after donating tanks to Ukraine – but the real matter to resolve is its role. The war in Eastern Europe may offer political leaders the space to answer the key question: what does the government expect of its soldiers?

Will James on "Assessing the Royal Navy’s presence in the Indo-Pacific"

Tailored, tokenistic, or too much? Assessing the Royal Navy’s presence in the Indo-Pacific

Dr William D James has published an article with the Hague Centre for Strategic Studies.

The war in Ukraine has raised fresh doubts over the will and ability of European states to play a meaningful role in the Indo-Pacific. In the United Kingdom, there is a lively debate over the utility of its ‘tilt’ to the region, first announced in the 2021 Integrated Review of Security, Defence, Development and Foreign Policy. The defence component of this policy, which largely comes under the purview of the Royal Navy, has come under sustained flak from two sides. Some dismiss the tilt as tokenistic, a gesture strategy, and ask why the UK should invest scarce resources in a region so far from home? While others worry that it will distort the UK’s armed forces at a time when core interests in Europe are under threat, in some quarters this tilt is seen as a case of post-Brexit hubris.

This paper by William D. James explores the rationale and efficacy of small or token defence deployments – with a specific focus on the defence component of the Indo-Pacific tilt. Its arguments challenge the assumption that tokenistic deployments are always a strategically unsound idea. This paper argues that the naval effort in the Indo-Pacific – as currently constituted – will not cause undue strain on the UK’s broader defence efforts in the Euro-Atlantic. Furthermore, and contrary to conventional wisdom, it argues that tokenistic naval deployments can be worthwhile – so long as the objectives are clear, expectations are managed, and they are integrated with allied and partner navies. Finally, the paper offers three recommendations for the Ministry of Defence to better tailor its contribution to the tilt, namely: (1) Enhancing coordination with Europe’s naval powers, principally France; (2) narrowing the geographical and operational scope of naval activity in the Indo-Pacific; and (3) taking a more holistic approach to communications.

Author: Dr. William D. James is an Ax:son Johnson Research Fellow in the Centre for Grand Strategy at King’s College London and a Senior Associate of the Oxford Changing Character of War Centre.

Rob Johnson on "The Russian War against Ukraine"

Marking a year since the start of the current Russia assault in Ukraine, Dr Rob Johnson has written an article as part of the University of Oxford’s “Expert Comment” series.

The Russian War against Ukraine: Retrospect and Prospect

Understanding the decision calculus of President Putin that led to his war against Ukraine, and his plans for the next few months and years, is challenging. Yet, to aid us, we can refer to the pattern of his behaviour, the statements he has made, and the sorts of individuals he has surrounded himself with.

House of Lords interview with Lord Alderdice

Watch Lord John Alderdice talk as part of a series of interviews between the Lord Speaker, Lord McFall of Alcluith, and members of the House of Lords.

In this episode, the Lord Speaker asks Lord Alderdice what influenced his work as a psychiatrist and former Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly. They also discuss the importance of engaging with multiple perspectives, what inspires Lord Alderdice's work on conflict and peacebuilding, plus his experience working to set up the Assembly and its surprising influences from the House of Lords.

Find out more about the series, including a longer podcast version of the interview:

Podcast with Antulio Echevarria on Jomini

Professor Antulio Echevarria (CCW Visiting Research Fellow) has featured on the RUSI podcast, Talking Strategy.

Episode 1: Jomini: Selling Napoleon’s System

Antoine-Henri Jomini was the strategist who anticipated Napoleon’s movements – and the general who betrayed the emperor by defecting to the Russians for a better position. He was among the most widely read strategists of land warfare in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. To kick off Season 3 of Talking Strategy, Beatrice Heuser and Paul O’Neill are joined by Professor Antulio Echevarria to reflect on his work.

The Talking Strategy podcast is run by Paul O'Neill, a former Visiting Fellow of CCW.

"Securing the State and its Citizens" by Paul O'Neil

Paul O'Neill has published an edited volume with Bloomsbury: Securing the State and its Citizens: National Security Councils from Around the World.

Through a uniquely extensive study of countries from across the world, this book considers how nations have developed bespoke coordination mechanisms to the unique threats they face, and how these mechanisms have had to evolve as the threats change. It covers nations for whom the system is well established (e.g. the US in 1947) and other countries whose arrangements are more recent, such as the UK (2010). Where the National Security Councils have existed for longest, the case studies highlight how they have transformed as the national understanding of security has changed, typically to reflect a broadening. Consequently, while there are no universal solutions, the comparative approach taken in this book identifies enduring principles for shaping the creation or reform of national security coordination fit for the challenges of the twenty-first century.

Paul O'Neill is a former CCW Visiting Fellow. He is a Senior Research Fellow in Military Sciences at RUSI with research interests in organisational aspects of security and Defence including organisational design and decision making. Previously, a senior Royal Air Force officer working in strategy and human resources roles across Defence including in Whitehall. He led the military team in Defence Strategy and Priorities during the 2015 Strategic Defence and Security Review.

Hubert Annen on identifying military core values

Hubert Annen has co-authored an article for Military Psychology.

Nadine Eggimann Zanetti, Willibald Ruch & Hubert Annen, “The utility of the psycholexical approach for identifying military core values: Illustrated in a sample of Swiss career officers and NCOs”

Abstract: Values have always been a top priority in the military domains of leadership, training, ethical commitment, and psychological research. However, only a few studies have assessed value descriptors and their underlying dimensional structure in military organizations using an empirical psycholexical and factor analytical approach. This research project examined the structure of military values and derived core military values. Two studies were conducted in cooperation with the Swiss Armed Forces. In study 1, 25 military-specific value descriptors were identified based on a psycholexical analysis of military guidelines and in line with expert ratings by executive military leaders. In study 2, a questionnaire was filled out by a sample of 550 military professionals to capture their ratings of values as applied to everyday military decisions and actions. Principal component analysis in combination with Goldberg’s top-down approach delivered five military value categories that reflect the military culture in Switzerland, characterized as (I) freedom, (II) social cohesion, (III) good soldiership, (IV) mutual respect, and (V) military conformity. Results are discussed in light of introducing a novel research approach to assessing the value structure and culture in military organizations.

Hubert Annen on Effects of resilience training in military officer cadets

Hubert Annen (CCW Visiting Research Fellow) has co-authored an article in Military Psychology.

Regula Zueger, Madlaina Niederhauser, Chantal Utzinger, Hubert Anne, Ulrike Ehlert, “Effects of resilience training on mental, emotional, and physical stress outcomes in military officer cadets” is available online.

ABSTRACT

Resilience is an important factor in counteracting the harmful effects of stress and is associated with healthy physiological and psychological responses to stress. Previous research has demonstrated the effectiveness of resilience fostering training programs in psychobiological stress response and recovery. Few studies, however, have examined training effects in real-life high-stress situations. In this study, we compare effects of a brief resilience training (RT) and an active control training in diversity management (DMT) on psychobiological stress response to and recovery from an intense military exercise of 81 male officer cadets. Five weeks after training completion, autonomic, endocrine, and subjective state measures of cadets were measured while undergoing stressful military exercise. The RT group perceived the military stressor as more challenging, and showed higher values in motivation and positive affect than the DMT group. Cortisol increased in both groups during stress, but showed a lower cortisol increase in the RT group thereafter. These results suggest that this brief resilience training helped cadets reframe the stressful situation in a more positive light, experiencing more positive emotions, and recovering faster from stress. To strengthen young military leaders in stressful situations, resilience promoting programs should become part of basic or leadership trainings.

Lord John Alderdice receives Lifetime Achievement Award from the Royal College of Psychiatrists

Lord John Alderdice has been awarded the prestigious Lifetime Achievement Award from the Royal College of Psychiatrists during their annual awards ceremony.  The awards mark the highest levels of excellence and achievement within the field of psychiatry.

Lord Alderdice was born and brought up in Northern Ireland and played a vital role in helping to resolve conflict and restore peace during the Troubles. In 1978, he joined the Alliance party which tried to build the centre ground. In 1987 at the age of 32, he was elected leader of the Alliance Party.

He engaged in ongoing talks including with the prime ministers of the UK and Ireland and leaders of the EU and the President of the USA, that culminated in the Good Friday Agreement in Belfast in 1998. 

In his psychiatry career, he was appointed to professorships at the University of San Marcos in Peru and at the Universities of Virginia and Maryland in the USA. He currently holds appointments at Oxford University, including Senior Research Fellow at Harris Manchester College and Executive Chairman of The Changing Character of War Centre at Pembroke College. 

He is a professor of practice at the Global Humanity for Peace Institute at the University of Wales Trinity Saint David.

Lord John Alderdice said: “This award is a demonstration of the good fortune I have had in my professional life to be encouraged by colleagues in psychiatry who care both about their patients, and the disturbed societies in which they live.  The mental health professionals that I worked with in Northern Ireland, and later around the world, gave me the intellectual, emotional, and collegial support that I needed to work in situations of conflict. I want them and others to know that they should never underestimate the impact and importance of encouragement, especially to a young person trying to do the best they can for others.”

Dr Adrian James, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: “If anyone deserves a lifetime achievement award, it is Lord John Alderdice. He has devoted so much of his working life to politics and psychiatry. Not only was he an ambassador for peace and conflict resolution during turbulent times in Northern Ireland but he is a focused and world-leading psychiatrist at the top of his profession. It is wonderful to be able to recognise him through this award.”

Dr Richard Wilson, chair of RCPsych NI, said: "Many congratulations to Lord John Alderdice on this much deserved award. Not only has he been an important political figure in Northern Ireland, but he continues to be a leading light in the world of psychiatry. This accolade is a true testament to an interesting and much varied career."

 
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